Reddish spots and necrotic tissue result after only four days of feeding. The sex pheromone of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum. Within populations of this species, several biotypes, which are clones that share same virulence relationships with cultivated plants, can be distinguished. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major insect pest of sorghum causing significant economic damage. In this study, a transcriptome sequencing, and the expression of the 12 genes related to insecticide resistance were conducted in s. Identification greenbugs are small, pale green aphids with a dark green line down the back and antennae as long as the body fig. Information is given on the geographical distribution in europe, bosniaherzegovina, bulgaria. Common solanum glycosides were tested against a nonsolanum pest, the greenbug, schizaphis graminum, fed by artificial diet supplemented with the tested compounds. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major pest of wheat worldwide. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle, reciprocally crossed, and inbred. The inheritance of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, virulence to wheat, triticum aestivum l. Our results indicate that the increase in groel approximately follows the increase in aphid. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in the aphid schizaphis graminum skip to main content.
Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of wheat. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals cyclophilin. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani edis university of. Mitochondrial dna sequence divergence among schizaphis. Evidence of the biochemical basis of host virulence in the. Seedling bulk test revealed seven varieties pak81, millat08, fareed06, miraj. Pdf oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis. It is a true bug and feeds on the leaves of gramineae grass family members. China 2 college of plant protection, henan agricultural university, zhengzhou.
A new distribution map is provided for schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. All experiments were laid out in completely randomized design and resistancesusceptibility of the varieties was categorized in the terms of differential damage rating of aphid to host plants. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, populations oversummering on noncultivated grass hosts. Biotype characterization and genetic diversity of the. Pdf biotype characterization and genetic diversity of. Biotype screening of this pest is essential to develop pest management programs. It is a true bug and feeds on the leaves of gramineae grass family members its original distribution is the palaearctic, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world. Infestation of the phytotoxic aphid schizaphis graminum can rapidly induce leaf chlorosis in susceptible plants, but this effect is not observed with the nonphytotoxic aphid sitobion avenae. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were annotated to corresponding functions by blasting with. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf is. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani is a major pest species of wheat crops. Skyline is an open source software program that can be downloaded from.
The greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani is an aphid pest of small grains. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf. Described by rondani, it was first placed in the genus aphis rondani 1852 and later moved to the genus toxoptera. Effects of elevated co2 twice ambient on the interspecific competition among three species of wheat aphids sitobion avenae, rhopalosiphum padi, and schizaphis graminum and on wheataphid interactions were studied. Insecticides act as toxins, inhibitors of digestion and deterrents, and affect the expression of many genes in insects.
Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in. Identification of chromosomal regions responsible for greenbug resistance will facilitate both mapbased cloning and markerassisted breeding. Oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis graminum. Madhusudhana, in breeding sorghum for diverse end uses, 2019.
Enemy removal experiments and enemy trap experiments were used for evaluating the natural enemies of greenbug, s. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, has been recognized as a major pest of small grains for over 150 years. Differential expression of genes in greenbug schizaphis. You can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the change items displayed button in the header. Issued also on microfiche from lange micrographics. More than 70 graminaceous plant species have been reported as hosts for the gb worldwide and. However, few studies have attempted to identify the different defence responses induced in wheat by s. Levels of buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groel during. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani is one of the major insect pests of sorghum and can cause serious damage to sorghum plants, particularly in the us great plains. Sexual forms of two genotypes of the aphid schizaphis graminum, one a vector, the other a nonvector of two viruses that cause barley yellow. Biotypes e, g, and h of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, were monitored on susceptible wintermalt and resistant post barley to determine their feeding behavior, developmental time, and fecundity on these cultivars. Jia20171144 selection and evaluation of potential reference genes for gene expression analysis in greenbug schizaphis graminum rondanizhang baizhong 1, 2, liu junjie 1, yuan guohui 2, chen xiling 1, gao xiwu 3. Overall, post caused significantly greater frequencies of nonfeeding, probing, and salivation events for biotype e than for biotype h.
There are about 40 recognized schizaphis species worldwide with seven known from north america blackman and eastop 2000. The resulting progeny were cloned via parthenogenetic reproduction, so their virulence to resistance genes gb2 amigo and gb3 largo could be established using. Electron microscope studies of the stylets showed that each mandible is provided with a closed duct which contains a nerve. Schizaphis graminum strain sg taxonomy navigation buchnera aphidicola schizaphis graminum terminal leaf node. We compared the feeding behavior and the lifetable parameters of aphids reared on gna transgenic wheat test group and those aphids reared on. Nov 20, 2019 molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putative trpdcfba operon in buchnera aphidicola endosymbiont of the aphid schizaphis graminum. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani gb, and the yellow sugarcane aphid, sipha.
Schizaphis graminum toxogr schizaphis hypersiphonata schphy. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is the main pest of wheat that can. There are about 40 recognized schizaphis species worldwide with seven known from north america blackman and. It damages wheat crop directly through feeding on phloem tissues as well as indirectly by serving as primary vector of cereal diseases, including yellow dwarf viruses chapin et al. The greenbug schizaphis graminum, is a major pest of wheat worldwide. The mouth parts of schizaphis graminum rondani homoptera. Aphididae, is a pest on wheat and sorghum sorghum bicolor, but its crop hosts also include barley, oats, and rye puterka and peters, 1990. Genetic regulation of polerovirus and luteovirus transmission. The greenbug, or wheat aphid schizaphis graminum, is an aphid in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera. Oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis graminum homoptera. Therefore, to improve plant resistance to aphids is one of the topical. In contrast with the potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae, s. We studied the genetic architecture of virus transmission by crossing a vector and a non.
Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, damage symptoms on seashore paspalum turfgrass. Molecular mapping of qtls for resistance to the greenbug. At least 70 other noncultivated grasses have also been reported as hosts for s. Plant breeders have spent considerable effort developing aphidresistant, smallgrain varieties to limit insecticide control of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum. Aphididae attacks cereals, particularly wheat triticum spp. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major insect pest of sorghum causing. Inheritance of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf is controlled by different loci in the aphid, schizaphis graminum stewart m. Control methods for greenbugs have included natural enemies, crop. Biotypes of aphids and many other insect pests are defined based on the phenotypic response of host plants to the insect pest without considering their intrinsic characteristics and genotypes. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals. The aphid schizaphis graminum is an important vector of the viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease. Based on host plant response to infestation, several biotypes of this pest have been identified and their. The green bug, schizaphis graminum rondani, has been recognized as a major pest of small grains for over 150 years.
The greenbug, or wheat aphid schizaphis graminum, is an aphid in the superfamily. A fact from schizaphis graminum appeared on wikipedia s main page in the did you know. Note small chlorotic spits surrounded by water soaked spots on both leaves. This is your first entry to the taxa hierarchy display. It is a sapsucking aphid, which removes the phloem sap, and injects. Insect and plantderived mirnas in greenbug schizaphis. Schizaphis graminum an overview sciencedirect topics. The impact of transgenic wheat expressing gna snowdrop. Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug. Aphididae, is an aphid pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, sorghum, sorghum bicolor, barley. Pdf the greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. Schizaphis graminum toxogroverview eppo global database. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of. Polymerase chain reaction techniques for distinguishing three.
The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. Feeding behavior and development of biotypes e, g, and h. Based on host plant response to infestation, several biotypes of this pest have been identified and their phylogenetic relationships inferred using the mitochondrial coi. To assess key genes associated with the detoxification or regulation of imidacloprid in greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, the transcriptome and digital gene expression dge profile were analyzed using illumina sequencing. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in the. The frequent use of insecticides poses severe threats to nontarget.
On plants, they are usually found feeding on the undersides of lower leaves fig. Biotype characterization and genetic diversity of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum hemiptera. Using an immunological approach, we have quantitated the amount of the b. Effect of solanum glycosides on the aphid schizaphis graminum. Bydvsgv transmission efficiency correlates with host adaptation of the aphid schizaphis graminum gray et al. Levels of buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groel during growth. Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani, biotype e, in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Resistance and susceptibility of some wheat cultivars and. Pdf induced resistance to the greenbug aphid schizaphis. Pdf resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum. Elevated co2 changes interspecific competition among three. Feeding behavior and development of biotypes e, g, and h of.
Evaluation of different wheat varieties for resistance. The polymerase chain reaction pcr using primers designed on the busts of these rdna sequences, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, successfully distinguishes all 4 aphelinus populations from each other and from the russian wheat aphid and another economically important cereal aphid, the greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani. General information about schizaphis graminum toxogr. Resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum rondani in rain fed wheat genotype. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum. Polymerase chain reaction techniques for distinguishing. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle, r. Percentage transmission progressively declined from 36% for the first instar to 2% for adults zhou and rochow. Media in category schizaphis graminum the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. Spectral counting peptide data from table 3 for cyclophilin a.
Pdf wheat greenbug schizaphis graminum being the most important pest of wheat is responsible for viral. Pdf resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum rondani. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals cyclophilin proteins are involved in the transmission of cereal yellow dwarf virus. The greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani is one of the most important cereals pests in the world. Its original distribution is the palaearctic, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putative trpdcfba operon in buchnera aphidicola endosymbiont of the aphid schizaphis graminum. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani homoptera. This study investigated the impact of transgenic wheat expressing galanthus nivalis agglutinin gna, commonly known as snowdrop lectin, on three wheat aphids. Buchnera aphidicola is the prokaryotic, intracellular symbiont found in the aphid schizaphis graminum. Wide differences were found in the ability of the five stages of schizaphis graminum to transmit bydv. Wheat plants had higher biomass and yield and lower water and nitrogen content of grain when grown under elevated co2 than under ambient co2. Gray1,2, marina c caillaud3, mary burrows1 and dawn m.
Sorghum is a worldwide important cereal crop and widely cultivated for grain and forage production. Read the sex pheromone of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum, entomologia experimentalis et applicata on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Biometrical genetic analysis of luteovirus transmission in. Aphididae consist of 2 mandibular and 2 maxillary stylets. Abstract greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. Characterization and genetic relationships among brazilian. Media in category schizaphis graminumthe following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. Genetic regulation of polerovirus and luteovirus transmission in the aphid schizaphis graminum. Smith2 1usda, ars 2department of plant pathology, cornell university, ithaca, ny 14853 3department of biological sciences, ithaca college, ithaca, ny 14850 abstract.
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